
23-10-2008
This is an interesting discussion. Sure, we shouldn't be anthropomorphic here, but then we should be equally mindful that humans don't have a monopoly on distress, and long-term mental trauma as the result of abuse. Elephants don't "sometimes need" to be restrained or controlled in western culture....they were brought here for our curiosity and entertainment, remember, and only recently have these arguably institutionalised individuals still alive in our zoos been brought together in more natural social groupings by progressive minds and organisations working to maintain the captive herd in a way which is currently acceptable (ie breeding instead of cull/logging camp infant imports). Some cultures might rely on elephants to do important work, and this is not a comment of their use of them. Let's just remember that nobody 'needs' to train or restrain and elephant in a zoo, it is the lack of space in many cases that means free contact allows for some aspects of better husbandry and (sometimes) the opportunity to walk your animals outside of their enclosure.
But Yassa is right, free contact involves dominating the animal. Good keepers will be able to do this without losing control or showing outright aggression/violence, but there are always some keepers from time to time who lack the confidence to do this 'well'. Today this is far less so, but the risk of grudges and residual mental triggers to react to keepers following incidents often years before is well known.
Most of the 1980's ZSL asian elephants, (now at Whipsnade and one at chester) exhibit some degree of head-weaving or other behaviour indicative of some mental trauma or stress. Births have been difficult, with stillbirths, calf rejections and adult deaths resulting from some of the pregnancies. Although the captive environment can often be attributed to the current statistics for Asian elephant breeding, it is interesting to note that African elephants have lower incidences of most of the above, and coincidentally tend to be managed in protected contact situations. For those that are managed by free contact, very few of these are trained in the way that young asian elephants are.
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