jbnbsn99's Exhibit Design Thread

Voyage to South America

Concept

The whole concept of Voyage to South America is one of adventure. You, as the guest, are retracing the voyage of a 19th century explorer naturalist like Charles Darwin or Alexander von Humbolt. Both of these men were keen observers of nature, and traveled around South America documenting their findings for the eager European audiences. Darwin's voyage to South America was so important that it led him to develop his Theory of Natural Selection, which has proven to be the foundation of all modern biology.

You voyage will take you throughout the entire continent to thirteen different eco-regions. Each eco-region is highlighted by a different species and native flora. The map below will guide you through your Voyage to South America



1. Falkland Islands
2. Tierra del Fuego
3. Pampas
4. Ischigaulasto
5. Gran Chaco
6. Cerrado
7. Pantanal
8. Amazon
9. Llanos
10. Tepui
11. Andean Cloud Forest
12. Altiplano
13. Galápagos Islands


Exhibit Layout



1 – Ship
2 – Falkland Islands
3 – Tierra del Fuego
4 – Pampas
5 – Ischigaulasto
6 – Gran Chaco
7 – Cerrado
8 – Pantanal
9 – Amazon
10 – Llanos
11 – Tepui
12 – Andean Cloud Forest
13 – Altiplano
14 – Galápagos Islands

I. Entry Ship

The entrance and exit of the entire exhibit will be through a replica of a 19th century British sailing ship. This ship is intended to recreate the HMS Beagle, the ship that carried Charles Darwin on his famous voyage around South America documenting the wildlife and nature of the continent.

The ship would be constructed in three levels, two of which will be accessible to the public. For after hours events the Ship can be used as an event center for parties, sleep-overs, meetings, etc.

Level 1. Filtration and service. This will be for the salt water filtration needed for the adjacent exhibits.

Level 2. Entry and exit.
a. Entry. In the first half (entry side) of the ship the visitors will have underwater viewing of the Falkland Islands exhibit (Penguins). The interior of the ship will be decorated in such a manner that it will appear that the visitor is in the ship study/captains quarters. Various bookshelves, specimen drawers, and artifacts will give the guest lots of interpretation and discovery moments.
b. Exit. The exit side of the exhibit will feature underwater viewing for the Galápagos Islands exhibit (sea lions). The exit side will be decorated in such a way that the guest feels like they are in the sleeping cabins of the ship. This will mainly include several bunk-beds as well as other artifacts.
c. Videos. Videos introducing the exhibit will play before the guest enters the Falkland Islands side and before they enter the Galápagos Islands side. Falklands video will introduce the whole exhibit, while the Galápagos video will recap the exhibit and hit home messages of conservation.
d. Headset Kiosk (optional).
e. Event Center – Doorways between both sides may be opened and the whole of the ship can become an event center. This area would be perfect for parties and sleepovers.
f. Restrooms – As this area can function as an event center, a small family style restroom must be included.

Level 3. Ship Top
The top of the ship is intended to be a playground for young kids. All activities are based on ship life (captain's wheel, periscopes, rope climbs, netting, crow's nest etc.). Access to the ship top would be from a ramp/staircase located in the Galápagos area. Ship top also serves as the end point of the zip line.

Total area of the ship (one level) is approx. 2,300 sq. ft. Total length is 100 ft.

Map key – 1) Ship 2) Falkland Islands exhibit 3) Sea Lion exhibit



2. Falkland Islands and Tierra del Fuego

1. Falkland Islands. This exhibit will be entirely indoors and only visible from inside the ship. Water line should be positioned half-way up the viewing windows to give guests both an above water and underwater view. A glass or transparent ceiling should be provided to give the animals and plants natural light. During winter months ceiling panels can be opened to give direct access to sunlight and outside temperatures when those temperatures fall within the animals needs. Species included are penguins known to have major breeding colonies on the Falkland Islands and are represented in North American collections. King Penguin, Rockhopper Penguin, and Gentoo Penguin.
2. Tierra del Fuego. This is the outdoor penguin exhibit. Guests will view the penguins entirely above the water's surface, however part of the pathway will be clear so to view the penguins swimming underneath the guest's feet. Exhibit should focus on penguins in the forest. Species included are known to nest in the region and are represented in North American collection. Macaroni Penguins and Magellanic Penguins. Also Chilöe Widgeon can share the exhibit.
3. Holding will be shared for both exhibits.

Interpretation.
Falklands – Graphics should be places above the viewing window to not obstruct the view. Some attention should also be put on the Warrah, or Falkland Islands Wolf that went extinct in the past 100 or so years.
Tierra del Fuego – Basic graphics here describing the animals and the region. Talk about Magellan’s voyage around the world in reference to the Magellanic Penguins.


Exhibit size
1. Falkland Islands – 1,500 sq. ft.
2. Tierra del Fuego – 2,850 sq. ft.
3. holding – 970 sq. ft.

Map Key – 1) Ship 2) Falkland Islands exhibit 3) Tierra del Fuego exhibit 4) Penguin holding



3. Pampas

The Pampas is the grasslands of Argentina, and is one of the most misrepresented regions in South America. Many times, zoos will associate animals such as Maned Wolves, Giant Anteater, and Tapirs with the Pampas. However, none of these animals are actually found in the region, or if they are, they only occur on the northern edge. The Pampas exhibit in VtSA shows a true sampling of animals actually found in the Argentine Pampas. This exhibit will consist of two separate exhibits in a predator/prey style setting.
1. Prey. This is the larger of the two exhibits and will be closest to the guests. Landscaping will be minimal and consist of mainly grasses, with a few sparse small trees (like mesquite trees). A water feature will be necessary for some of the species. Due to the hardy nature of most of the species, indoor holding is not as necessary, but is provided. Species included are all native to the region and well known in North American collections. Greater Rhea, Black-Necked Swan, Patagonian Cavy, and Nutria.
2. Predator. This slightly smaller exhibit will be behind the main prey exhibit. Landscaping should have more trees than the prey exhibit as well as lots of rocks and climbing opportunities. This exhibit will be part of a series of three exhibits that can be rotated between 2 species (Jaguar and Puma). Pumas are very rarely associated with South America, but are known to range throughout the continent.

Exhibit size.
Prey – 6,800 sq. ft.
Predator – 4,450 sq. ft.
Prey holding (shared with Gran Chaco) - 1,700 sq. ft.
Predator holding
4,500 sq. ft. indoors,
2,800 sq. ft. outdoors.
Map Key – 1) Mixed species prey exhibit 2) Puma (Predator) exhibit 3) Predator holding 4)Prey holding (underneath Seriema exhibit)



4. Ischigaulasto

Ischigaulasto (ee-she-gow-laas-toe) is a geologic formation in northwest Argentina also known as the Valley of the Moon. This area is world famous for producing spectacular dinosaur fossils. South America, and Argentina in particular is known to have some of the most bizarre and important dinosaurs known. A zoo should not only focus on animals of the present, but also give a link to those of the past, and dinosaurs still capture the imaginations of both young and old. In order to portray this region and the wondrous dinosaurs of South America, a rock maze has been designed. Throughout this winding maze will be placed bones of significant discoveries. It should not be just dinosaurs in the maze either, but all sorts of extinct South American fauna. Preferentially, the maze should have the fossils placed in chronological order from oldest to youngest. Various galleries off of the main paths will highlight a different extinct species. Doing the exhibit as a maze will create a wonderful play and discovery opportunity for children. No live animals will be in this area.

Species to be considered for the maze

Eoraptor – oldest dinosaur known
Herrasaurus – 2nd oldest dinosaur known
Mussasaurus – smallest dinosaur known
Argentinasaurus – largest dinosaur known
Giganotosaurus – largest carnivorous dinosaur known
Amargasaurus – sail-finned sauropod dinosaur
Carnotaurus – carnivorous dinosaur with horns
Pterosaurs – flying reptiles
Giant ground sloth
Glyptodont – giant armadillo
Mammoth/Mastodon

Exhibit size - 3,200 sq. ft.

 

Voyage to South America - part 2

5. Gran Chaco

The Gran Chaco is a dry scrub land located mainly in Paraguay and neighboring countries. This is a region that was little known to the outside world until recently due to its inhospitable terrain. It is home to one of the most exciting zoological discoveries of the past 100 years, the Chacoan Peccary, an animal known before only from fossils, but found alive in 1972. The Chaco is also the evolutionary home of the armadillo. No zoo exhibit has ever tried to reproduce this area of South America.

The exhibit for VtSA consists of two animal exhibits with a possible third. The main two areas for the Chacoan Peccary and for a species of Armadillo.

1. Chacoan Peccary – Being the most important species known from the Chaco, it is important to showcase this endemic species here. There is a major push from the Pig, Peccary, and Hippo TAG to find more holders for this species.
2. Armadillo – As armadillos are abundant and diverse in this region it is a great opportunity to show them off here. More species of Armadillos are known from the Gran Chaco than anywhere else.
3. Geoffroy's Cat – This is a small cat found throughout the southern plains of South America, and it quite prevalent in the Gran Chaco. While not held in many collections, it is widely available and makes a wonderful addition to this area.
4. Seriema – This is an optional exhibit that would be located on top of the Chaco/Pampas prey barn. If cost and construction prohibits it can easily be deleted and the Seriema can be moved to another aviary throughout the exhibit (Pantanal aviary or monkey exhibit preferably).

Exhibit size.
Armadillo exhibit – 140 sq. ft.
Geoffroy's Cat exhibit – 510 sq. ft.
Armadillo/Geoffroy's Cat holding – 160 sq. ft.
Chacoan Peccary exhibit – 3,250 sq. ft.
Seriema exhibit (opt.) - 1,600 sq. ft.
Chaco/Pampas holding – 1,700 sq. ft.

Map key – 1) Peccary exhibit 2) Geoffroy's Cat exhibit 3) Armadillo exhibit 4,5) Seriema exhibit, Peccary & bird holding underneath 6) Cat and Armadillo holding

6. The Cerrado

The Cerrado is the vast savanna of eastern Brazil. At one time, it was the largest expanse of grasslands in South America. This region is known for such animals as Marsh and Pampas Deer, Rheas, Giant and Lesser Anteaters, and Maned Wolves. Two of these, the Maned Wolf and the Giant Anteater can be exhibited together and an exciting mixed species exhibit that involves a predator. Most zoos confuse the Cerrado with the Pampas and mislabel it as such. This would be a wonderful opportunity to correct this error.

The VtSA exhibit consists of a single enclosure primarily designed for Maned Wolves and Giant Anteaters, however, it has also been designed so that the animals that inhabit the nearby large Pantanal exhibit can be rotated to give all of the species more space and a varied environment.

The real Cerrado is littered with termite mounds of varying sizes and this should be recreated in the exhibit not only to give a sense of realism but to also give the animals some needed enrichment. Some of these termite mounds, if not all of them, can be built with small, green LED lights in them to simulate the bio-luminous beetle larvae that live in them. This can make for unique lighting for night events. A simple shallow water feature will give not only a barrier to the public, but will also tie into the water features in the Chaco and the Pantanal.

Holding is done in a large barn that will serve both the Cerrado and the large Pantanal exhibit as well as the Brocket Deer/Howler Monkey exhibit. Barn will also have several outdoor holding yards. This barn has two levels. The upper level is for monkey and bird holding as well as small office and keeper space.


Exhibit size.
Cerrado exhibit – 9,000 sq. ft.
Cerrado/Pantanal barn (lower level only) – 5,000 sq. ft.
Cerrado/Pantanal holding yards – 1,400 sq. ft.

Map Key – 1) Cerrado exhibit 2) Cerrado/Pantanal barn
3) holding yards

7. Pantanal

The Pantanal is the world's largest wetlands and is located in southern Brazil. It is adjacent to the Cerrado and together with it forms a vast grassland. The Pantanal is one of the most diverse areas of South America and home to many exciting animals. Many tall grasses and palm trees make up the landscape of the Pantanal, which should be easily recreated here. The VtSA Pantanal exhibit consists of five exhibits plus viewing into a sixth. All major vertebrae categories are represented except amphibians.

1. Large Pantanal exhibit – This exhibit is the largest exhibit in the Pantanal. It is a mixed species exhibit primarily for Lowland Tapirs and Capybara. All of the species in the Pantanal can be rotated with the species in the Cerrado. A water feature will be a key element of this exhibit as it needs to recreate a swampy environment. Multiple water fowl can also be included in the exhibit. Holding for this exhibit if in the large Cerrado/Pantanal barn and is accessible to the exhibit via a tunnel under the visitor pathway. Behind the exhibit, but technically not in the Pantanal area is a view into the Jaguar exhibit. This will give the effect of it being a predator/prey style exhibit. Also, as the Jaguar exhibit is located in the Amazon section, and should be densely planted, it will give the illusion that this part of the Pantanal is at the edge of the forest. Species include: Lowland Tapir, Capybara, White-Faced Whistling Duck, Fulvous Whistling Duck, Ringed Teal, Rosybill, Crested Screamer, and Maguari Stork.
2. Black Howler Monkeys and Red Brocket Deer – This is a smaller, netted in exhibit across from the main Pantanal exhibit. Brocket Deer are rarely displayed despite being a PMP species from the Cervid TAG. This could make a highly entertaining mixed species exhibit as primates and hoofstock are rarely displayed together, but can co-mingle well. This will also utilize multiple levels of the exhibit with the deer on the ground while the monkeys are in the trees. Holding for the exhibit is from the large Cerrado/Pantanal barn. Monkeys would be held in a second level of the barn which would also hold office/storage space. Also several birds can be housed in this exhibit. Species – Black Howler Monkey, Red Brocket Deer, Toco Tucan, Sunbittern, Wattled Jacana.
3. Filtration – Behind the Howler Monkey/Brocket Deer exhibit is the pumps and filtration for the Pantanal, Cerrado, Chaco, and Amazon Jaguar exhibits. This can either consist of underground vaults or above ground facilities. This would be determined by the water features department as to what works the best, is safest, and most user friendly.
4. Jaguars – While their exhibit is not technically part of the Pantanal exhibit, the Jaguars will be visible from multiple points in the Pantanal. The will first be seen behind the large Pantanal exhibit in a predator/prey relationship. The main viewing will be through a window/training area just past the large Pantanal exhibit. Also, since the Jaguars and Pumas can be rotated, it is possible that the Pumas will be seen from here as well.
5. Aviary – The bird life in the Pantanal is of extreme importance. Of significant note is the Hyacinth Macaw found primarily in the Pantanal. The aviary will sit on top of two large aquariua/terraria. This will utilize the maximum about of vertical space available. Aviary species – Hyacinth Macaw, Roseate Spoonbill, Boat-billed Heron.
6. Green Anaconda – The Pantanal is home to a large population of Anacondas, the world's heaviest and second longest snake. The exhibit would be situated below the Pantanal Aviary and would be visible in a semi-tunnel that is somewhat darkened. The exhibit should be large enough to house several Anacondas. Should also house several fish species as well. Suggested species – Green Anaconda, Neon Tetra, Discus Fish, Freshwater Stingray.
7. Red Bellied Piranha – This feared fish is abundant in the Pantanal. Like the Anacondas, the Piranhas will be seen in an aquarium placed underneath the Pantanal Aviary. Also like the Anacondas, it will be viewed in a semi-tunnel. Again, other fish can be displayed along with the Piranhas (tetras, etc.).
8. Caiman exhibit – The major aquatic predator of the Pantanal is the caiman. Several species exist, but the primary species is the Yacare Caiman. It is theoretically possible to keep this species in a mixed species exhibit assuming that a suitable species can be found, most likely a turtle species. Also possible for inclusion is the Broad-Snouted Caiman which shares much of its range with the Yacare Caiman and can be housed in the same exhibit. A pair of each species could easily be housed in the exhibit. There is a small holding/filtration building for the caimans if weather/temperature dictates.
9. Small exhibits – There are several smaller areas not designated for animal use but could be utilized to hold immature caimans or turtles.
10. PLAYa Pantanal – This is a water play area for kids. The name is a play on the word play, and the Spanish word playa, which translates as beach. This area can include water fountains, small splash ponds, and streams. Across one of the streams is a rope bridge for those adventurous enough to cross it. Lots of sandy areas are available for kids to make their own sand castles.

Exhibit size.
Large Pantanal exhibit – 9,400 sq. ft.
Monkey/Deer – 1,350 sq. ft.
Cerrado/Pantanal holding (incl. 2nd level) – 7,100 sq. ft.
Filtration area – 880 sq. ft. (above ground only)
Aviary – 1,300 sq. ft.
Anaconda – n/a
Piranha – n/a
Caiman – 820 sq. ft.
Caiman holding/filtration – 270 sq. ft.
PLAYa Pantanal – 3,000 sq. ft.
Small exhibit 1 (immature caiman) – 160 sq. ft.
Small exhibit 2 (turtle) – 70 sq. ft.

Map Key – 1) Large Pantanal exhibit 2) Pantanal/Cerrado Barn 3) Howler Monkey/Brocket Deer exhibit 4) Filtration 5) Jaguar training window 6) PLAYa Pantanal 7) PLAYa Pantanal rope bridge 8) Caiman exhibit 9) Aviary 10) Anaconda (underneath aviary) 11) Piranha (underneath aviary) 12) Juvenile Caiman (opt.)


8. Amazon

The Amazon Rainforest is the world's largest expanse of rainforest. The Amazon River is the world's longest river (recent discoveries of a new source higher up in the Andes has pushed it past the Nile). It has the world's largest watershed. With all of these superlatives, the Amazon must also be one of the greatest homes of wildlife in existence. The Amazon area of VtSA rightfully reflects this diversity. Mammals, Reptiles, Birds, Amphibians, Fish, Insects, and Arachnids are all to be present in the Amazon.

Due to several issues the Amazon section is to be built indoors. This serves several very important purposes. The construction of this building need not be a complex, multi-level rainforest like many others, but can be a simple path through various large mixed species enclosures. Enclosures for this exhibit have been designed to give the animals copious space and not feel cramped like many other indoor rainforest exhibits. The concept of the entire Amazon area is to feel like a trip both upstream and up into the canopy. The building will consist of seven main areas, plus a few smaller ones.

1. The River – fish
2. Aquatic reptiles – Caimans and Caiman lizards
3. Small predators – small cats, Tayra, and Bush Dogs.
4. The Cave – bats, insects, and reptiles/amphibians
5. Tamarins/Marmosets/Sloth
6. Larger monkeys
7. Birds

In addition to these, smaller reptile and amphibian exhibits will be scattered along the trail. Birds of all sorts can be mixed in with some of the monkey species.

1. Theater - After exiting the Pantanal, the guest will enter into a 50-100 seat movie theater. The theater will show a short (5-7 minute) film on the Amazon (or South America in general, conservation or any number of topics). This space can also be used as an after hours event center for parties, sleep-overs, meetings, etc. Seating should be removable for this purpose. Throughout the duration of the film, the guest will be unaware of the theater's exit. The exit will be revealed as the film is ending and curtains are pulled back to reveal a large fish tank with a walk-through tunnel.
2. Amazon Fish - Tank is large enough to hold many species. Primary species should include Arapaima, Pacu, Red-Tailed Catfish, Freshwater Stingrays, Arrowanas. Various turtle species can also be included. Due to the large size it is possible that either Amazonian Manatees or River Dolphins could be housed in the exhibit in the unlikely event that either species becomes available.
3. Aquatic Reptiles - After leaving the river tunnel, the guest enters an area for large aquatic reptiles. The primary exhibit here is for a large crocodilian. Two options exist, the Orinoco Crocodile and the Black Caiman. The Black Caiman is preferred for this exhibit for several reasons. Unlike the Orinoco Crocodile, it is actually found in the Amazon basin. Also, very few zoos worldwide display this species. Being the largest caiman it would, a mature specimen would be a sight to see. A third option that is geographically incorrect, but only slightly, is the American Crocodile. Two smaller exhibits are along side the large crocodilian exhibit. One would be primarily for Caiman Lizard. This exhibit could easily house other species as well (fish, birds, and other reptiles). The second exhibit is for Dwarf Caiman. Either species of Dwarf Caiman (Cuvier's or Smooth Fronted) would fit into this exhibit.
4. Small Predators - After the aquatic reptiles are five exhibit for small predators. All of these exhibits are flexible for their occupants. Up to five species can be housed in them, but if needed multiple animals of the same species can be given two or more exhibits. The two largest exhibit can be divided down the middle via netting (Invisinet) so as to house two conspecific animals (male/female/non-breeding) seemingly in the same exhibit while still meeting their needs for privacy/solitude. Preferred species – Ocelot, Margay, Jaguarundi, Bush Dog, and Tayra. Other possible species include Giant Otter, Oncilla, Grison, etc.
5. Jaguar Research Station – Amid the small predator enclosures is the Jaguar Research Station. This is an interpretive area that overlooks the large Amazon Jaguar exhibit. The exhibit itself is entirely outdoors, and is the larger of the two primary Jaguar exhibits. As it is part of a three-exhibit rotational exhibit, Pumas might also be viewed from this area. This exhibit's primary view will be from the JRS, but can also be viewed from the Pantanal both as a predator/prey style exhibit behind the large Pantanal exhibit and through a training window. The exhibit should resemble a lush valley filled with trees (real and artificial) and a pool for the animals to swim. This area would need to be staffed with an interpreter (either zoo staff or volunteer). Biofacts from Jaguars and other Amazonian animals need to be present. Also, this area would be perfect to have demonstrations from small animals like Kinkajou, Tamandua, and Prehensile-Tailed Porcupine. Looping videos and interactive games like in Base Camp are to be used. For after hours events the JRS can be used as an event center for parties, sleep-overs, meetings, etc.
6. The Cave – The cave is a small area primarily for bats. Preferably, Vampire Bats should be featured in this exhibit, but any South American bat species can be housed here according to need. Also here are several small exhibits for insects, amphibians, and reptiles. The collection demands for these exhibits and their ultimate design should be done by the Reptile Curator and Department.
7. Tamarins/Marmosets – Five small exhibits are clustered together after the cave and are intended for small monkey species. Each exhibit can hold one species of Tamarin or Marmoset or several depending on species compatibility (i.e. Golden Lion Tamarins mixed with Pygmy Marmosets). If desired, a separating wall between two of the exhibits can be removed creating a larger exhibit space. In addition to small monkeys other species can be housed in these exhibits. Small ground dwelling mammals (Paca, Agouti, etc.) and various birds (Aracaris, Guans, Currasows, etc.) can easily be housed with the small monkeys. Adjacent to this area is an exhibit designated for sloths, however, this are can be merged into the monkey exhibits if the sloth can be mixed with the small monkeys. Any thoughts on the exact collection should be reviewed by both the Bird and Mammal Departments.
8. Larger Monkeys – Three exhibits are designed to house larger species of monkeys. The first exhibit is designated for a mixed exhibit of White-Faced Saki and Gray Titi Monkeys. Appropriate birds and small mammals can also be mixed in this exhibit. The largest exhibit in this area, and one of the largest exhibits in the amazon building is designated for Spider Monkeys. As the monkeys are largely arboreal this leaves the floor of the exhibit open for a terrestrial animal. The space is large enough to keep a small group of Collared Peccaries (or White-Lipped Peccaries if some could be sourced) and would make an exciting mixed species exhibit. The final larger monkey exhibit is intended for Squirrel Monkeys. Other compatible species (birds) can be kept with the Squirrel Monkeys at the discretion of the curators.
9. Birds – In addition to the various birds that can be housed in some of the smaller exhibits (Caiman Lizard, Tamarins, etc) there are three exhibits devoted entirely to birds. One is a large exhibit solely for the Ornate Hawk Eagle. Another is a small exhibit for any number of species to be determined by collection need. The final exhibit of the Amazon is a large walk-through aviary. The exhibit is large enough to hold many species. Exact collection should be determined by the Bird Department. It is possible to have this exhibit be an interactive one with feeding like Bird's Landing in the Children's Zoo.
10. Other Exhibits – Throughout the whole Amazon building there are small to medium sized exhibits designed to house reptiles and amphibians. Collection is to be determined by the staff.
11. Holding and Service – The building is designed so that animal holding and service areas are easily accessible to zoo staff. Each exhibit has access to a different holding facility or the large off exhibit corridors. Various service doors exist throughout the facility to link visitor paths to the off exhibit facilities. Off exhibit corridors have enough space for small offices for the keepers. When not accessible to the off exhibit corridors, animal holding has been provided (primarily for the small predators).

Exhibit size
Large fish tank – 2,600 sq. ft.
Large Caiman/Crocodile exhibit – 1,250 sq. ft.
Dwarf Caiman exhibit – 430 sq. ft.
Caiman Lizard exhibit – 240 sq. ft.
Small Predator exhibit 1 – 1,050 sq. ft.
Small Predator exhibit 2 – 1,500 sq. ft.
Small Predator exhibit 3 – 1,500 sq. ft.
Small Predator exhibit 4 – 830 sq. ft.
Small Predator exhibit 5 – 670 sq. ft.
Bat exhibit – 360 sq. ft.
Tamarin exhibit 1 – 52 sq. ft.
Tamarin exhibit 2 – 70 sq. ft.
Tamarin exhibit 3 – 145 sq. ft.
Tamarin exhibit 4 – 150 sq. ft.
Tamarin exhibit 5 – 220 sq. ft.
Sloth exhibit – 130 sq. ft.
Saki/Titi Monkey exhibit – 860 sq. ft.
Spider Monkey/Peccary exhibit – 1,500 sq. ft.
Squirrel Monkey exhibit – 400 sq. ft.
Ornate Hawk Eagle exhibit – 580 sq. ft.
Small bird exhibit – 60 sq. ft.
Walk-through aviary – 2,400 sq. ft.
Amazon Jaguar exhibit – 10,700 sq. ft.
Theater – 2,500 sq. ft.
Jaguar Research Station – 1,900 sq. ft.
Total off exhibit area – 12,700 sq. ft.
Total animal space – 25,300
Total building space ~36,000

Map Key 1) Theater 2) Walk-through Amazon tank 3) Black Caiman 4) Caiman Lizard 5) Dwarf Caiman 6) Small predator exhibits 7) Jaguar Research Station 8) Amazon Jaguar exhibit 9) Small herp exhibits 10) The Cave 11) Tamarin/marmoset exhibits 12) Sloth exhibit 13) Saki/Titi Monkey exhibit 14) Spider Monkey/Peccary exhibit 15) Squirrel Monkey exhibit 16) Ornate Hawk Eagle exhibit 17) Small aviary 18) Walk-through aviary

9. Llanos

The Llanos is the grasslands and savannas of Venezuela and Columbia. This is a land that is drained by the Orinoco River and is sometimes known as Orinoquia. In some ways, the Llanos is like the Pantanal, for at times it too can become a flooded plain, but its proximity to North America makes it quite different.

The Llanos exhibit in VtSA consists of 3 separate exhibits for Jaguar, Harpy Eagle, and a large mixed species exhibit featuring King Vulture and White-Tailed Deer.

1. Fallen Log – As the guests exit from the Amazon, they enter into a vast, hollow, fallen tree that serves as a tunnel and viewing for two exhibits. On the right hand side is the Harpy Eagle exhibit, while on the left is viewing into the Llanos Jaguar exhibit.
2. Harpy Eagle – This exhibit is viewed both from the Fallen Log and from the main visitor path. Ideally it should a mated pair of birds. Housing for the Eagles will be simple boxes like currently exist in the Wings of Wonder exhibit.
3. Llanos Jaguar – This is the second Jaguar exhibit and a bit smaller in size than the Amazon exhibit. Viewing is done from inside the Fallen Log, through a training window on the main path, and behind the mixed species exhibit in a predator/prey style exhibit. Outside of the Fallen Log the guest will view the Jaguars pool up close and will be able to see these cats swimming. The training window, like its counterpart in the Pantanal, can be used for daily scheduled training sessions with the cats. As the exhibit is part of a three-exhibit rotational exhibit Pumas might also be see in this area.
4. Mixed Species Exhibit – This exhibit highlights a species not commonly thought of as coming from South America, the White-Tailed Deer. As this species is common in Texas, and many rescued animals are needing homes, it would be a great opportunity to showcase this species. Many species from the region can be mixed with the deer. This netted in enclosure is also home to the King Vulture, Scarlet Ibis, Scarlet Macaw, and Capuchin Monkeys. If desired, Collared Peccaries can also be added to this exhibit if they are not housed in the Amazon building. Holding for this exhibit will be underneath the rockwork for the Spectacled Bear exhibit.

Exhibit Size

Harpy Eagle – 960 sq. ft.
Llanos Jaguar – 7,000 sq. ft.
Llanos mixed species – 5,500 sq. ft.

Map Key – 1) Harpy Eagle 2) Fallen Log 3) Jaguar 4) Mixed species exhibit

10. Tepui

Tepuis are fantastical formations in the highlands of Venezuela and Columbia, and are often found towering above the Llanos. These highlands are the inspiration for such works as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World and the Pixar movie Up. The world's highest water fall, Angel Falls, is found on a large Tepui. These remote uplands are sometimes referred to as the Galápagos of the mainland due to their unique fauna and flora found nowhere else. Many of these unique species are not available to zoos, so to honor the Tepui, VtSA has created a cafe and event center themed around the region.

Outside of Cafe Tepui, there is space for two small aviaries of species to be determined. The cafe itself will be a two level space. The lower level will house the kitchen and dining/event space. One major feature of the lower level indoor seating is a view into the Amazon walk-through aviary through a glass wall. The upper level will house the bulk of the seating and will be all open air. Access will be via a large staircase inside on the lower level. Rockwork surrounding the building recreate geologic features encompassing the upper level should be designed to recreate some of the more fantastical formations seen in a real Tepui. Also a small recreation of Angel Falls should be incorporated and flow into the Harpy Eagle exhibit. The view from the upper level of the cafe will look out into the Llanos exhibits, just as you would on a real Tepui.

Adjacent to the cafe are public restrooms. These are the only large public restrooms in VtSA.

Interpretation – Graphics and videos of the real Tepui should be shown inside of the cafe.

Exhibit size
Small aviary 1 – 190 sq. ft.
Small aviary 2 – 240 sq. ft.
Cafe lower level – 5,570 sq. ft.
Cafe upper level – 3,970 sq. ft.
Restrooms – 800 sq. ft.

 

Voyage to South America - part 3

11. Andean Cloud Forest

The Andean Cloud Forest is a forest located high in the Andes on the Amazonian side (eastern side) of the range. It has high enough elevation, and is dry enough to not qualify as a rainforest. Because of its elevation many parts are covered in a thick fog of low lying clouds. This forest is home to one of South America's rarities, the Spectacled Bear. This is the only species of bear found in South America. Also the Cloud Forest has space for two other species the Ring-Tailed Coati and the Pudu.

1. Spectacled Bear and Ring-Tailed Coati exhibit – This large sloping exhibit should easily house a breeding pair of bears (1.1 or 1.2, or even 2.2) plus a colony of coati. Several zoos in Europe have successfully mixed these two species that also share ranges in the wild. Housing for both species is in the large predator barn that also serves for the Pumas and Jaguars. A training window hidden in a small cave will allow for keeper/animal interaction. If needed for this species, a small cubbing den can be added with indoor viewing.
2. Pudu exhibit – This small exhibit next to the bears will house the world's smallest species of deer. While it is technically not found in the same forests as the Spectacled Bear, it is found in the Andean forests further south, and some of the planting should address this fact.
3. Holding – The holding for the bears and the coati will be in the large predator barn. Several outdoor yards are provided for the predators that are not on display. The Pudu holding will be adjacent to the predator barn but in a separate building attached to the Galápagos Research Station.

The Andean Cloud Forest and the Altiplano are the only two exhibits in all of VtSA that can be seen at the same time. This was done purposefully. The Cloud Forest is meant to show the wet (east) side of the Andes, while the Altiplano is meant to show the dry (west) side of the Andes. Their positions in the exhibit are correct from a direction perspective.

A misting or fog system should be employed in the exhibit to give the illusion of being enveloped in a cloud. This system does not need to be used at all times, but rather as a special effect.

Exhibit sizes
Spectacled Bear/Coati – 11,700 sq. ft.
Predator barn – 4,500 sq. ft.
Coati holding yards – 135 sq. ft.
Pudu – 790 sq. ft.
Pudu holding – 250 sq. ft.
Pudu holding yards – 220 sq. ft.

Map Key 1) Bear exhibit 2) Pudu exhibit 3) Predator holding 4) Pudu holding 5) Holding yards

12. Altiplano

The Altiplano is the high dry plains in the central Andes. It is the home of the ancient Incan and Tiwanaku cultures. This area is home to several features that are superlatives. The Atacama Desert is the world's driest desert, Lake Titicaca is the world's highest navigable lake, and La Paz, Bolivia is the world's highest capital city. Some of the animals from the region are well known such as the Andean Condor and the South American camels (Llama, Alpaca, Guanaco, and Vicuña).

The Altiplano exhibit is designed in a two-level fashion. On the upper level is a large aviary for a breeding group of Andean Condors and an adventure area for the guests, while the lower level houses exhibits for Guanacos, Chilean Flamingos, and Viscacha or Chinchilla. Smaller aviaries for raptors are placed alongside one end of the exhibit.

1. Guanaco exhibit – This is the largest exhibit in the Altiplano and will be home to a group of Guanacos. These wild camels are the ancestor of the Llama and the Alpaca. Guanacos have been chosen over the Llama and the Alpaca as they are wild animals whereas the others are domesticated and more suited for a farm exhibit or a children's zoo. The exhibit is large enough to house other species if a suitable, region representative species can be found. A large herd of about 10 or more Guanaco is preferred. Other possibilities can be the Vicuña and the Huemal (Andean Deer) however due to import regulations both of these species will be hard or impossible to obtain.
2. Viscacha exhibit – This is a small exhibit near the visitor pathway that will consist of small rocky outcroppings and house either Viscacha or Chinchilla. Exhibit should be designed in such a way as to blend into the neighboring exhibits without being able to see the boundaries.
3. Chilean Flamingo exhibit – In the great salt lakes of the Andes are three species of flamingo, the Chilean, the Andean, and the James' Flamingo. While the later two species are not represented in North American collections, the Chilean is abundant. If desired the Flamingo and the Guanaco exhibits can be made into a single exhibit if the animals can be housed successfully together. In addition to the Chilean Flamingos, Coscoroba Swan and Speckled Teal can be housed here.
4. Andean Condor exhibit – The large condor aviary is situated behind and above the three aforementioned exhibits. It is large enough to be split in half and house 2 pairs of breeding condors. Housing for the condors will be simple boxes like currently exist in the Wings of Wonder exhibit.
5. Smaller Raptor aviaries – Alongside the Guanaco exhibit are two smaller aviaries. These can house any number of smaller raptors, but preferably they are intended for Crested Caracara and Black or Turkey Vulture. Like the condors, housing will be in small heated boxes.
6. Steps of Machu Pichu and El Condor Pasa – The Steps of Machu Pichu are a series of Incan style steps that lead to the top of the mountain and affords views over the whole of the Andes exhibit and get up close views of the Condors. These steps lead up to an adventure area where the guests can do a rock climb or ride on a zip line. The rock climb will be built into the mountain and be supervised by zoo staff. The zip line will soar above the Altiplano and lead back to the ship that is at the entrance/exit of VtSA. Both of these feature will cost extra. Suggested prices would be $3.00 for the rock climb and $5.00 for the zip line. A combo ticket for both may be purchased as well for a discount. Tickets for these features would be sold in a small both at the bottom of the stairs in the main visitor area. Three to four guest services employees would be needed to man this area (cashier, rock climb assistant, and two zip line assistants). Zip line length is approximately 350 ft.
7. Housing – The main housing for the lower level exhibits (Guanaco and Flamingo) is underneath the rockwork for the condor aviary. Also housed here will be the flamingo filtration and the Sea Lion holding.

Exhibit areas
Guanaco exhibit – 11,000 sq. ft.
Viscacha exhibit – 430 sq. ft.
Flamingo exhibit – 3,150 sq. ft.
Condor aviary – 7,900 sq. ft.
Raptor aviary 1 – 1,200 sq. ft.
Raptor aviary 2 – 1,000 sq. ft.
El Condor Pasa – 1,050 sq. ft.

Map Key 1) Raptor Aviary 1 2) Raptor aviary 2 3) El Condor Pasa 4) Ticket booth 5) Condor aviary 6) Guanaco exhibit 7) Viscacha exhibit 8) Flamingo exhibit

13. Galápagos Islands

The final spot on our explorer's voyage are the mysterious and enchanting Galápagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador. These islands, and their inhabitants, are well known for having inspired Charles Darwin in the development of his Theory of Natural Selection. The Galápagos Islands of today are a land where conservation is of the utmost priority, and thus will lend itself well to the whole of VtSA's final message of conservation.

Only two exhibits will be in the Galápagos Islands exhibit. One is for the Galápagos Tortoise and the other is for Sea Lion. In addition to these animal exhibits is the Galápagos Field Research Station. Due to strict export laws, no additional animals from the Galápagos can be housed in this exhibit.

1. Galápagos Field Research Station – The GFRS is the main entry into the Galápagos Island exhibit. This building will house videos, biofacts, and interpretive materials about the Galápagos. Due to its size, no interpreter should be required. The GFRS will be designed after a real field research station showing what goes on in the Galápagos to monitor the wildlife there. Also this building will serve as the indoor holding for the colony of Galápagos Tortoises. This will give the visitor a chance to see the tortoises both inside and outside in any weather. If so desired, guests can bypass this building entirely.
2. Galápagos Tortoise exhibit – This large grassy grazing area will house the zoo's current resident tortoises. The advantages to the new exhibit over the old one is the indoor facility which will allow easier mobility for the tortoises to their indoor holding. Currently, the tortoises are only moved indoor and outdoors once a year as the weather dictates. This facility would allow for easier shifting that can happen on a more regular basis.
3. Sea Lion exhibit – Yet another all-time zoo favorite is the Sea Lion. The Sea Lions that live in the Galápagos Islands are very closely related to those found in California (in fact some scientists consider both populations to be only subspecies of the same species). The animals housed in this exhibit are most likely going to be rescued animals from the Pacific coast that cannot be released back into the wild. The exhibit is designed in such a fashion that quite a few visitors can watch the Sea Lions at one time. This is done so that regular Sea Lion shows can take place throughout the day. These show are not intended to demean the animals, but rather to show off natural behaviors and explain various aspects of their husbandry. Most of the exhibit will be viewed from above the water level, but as the path begins to decline towards the Ship, there will be a small area where the waterline will dictate underwater viewing. The main underwater viewing of the Sea Lions will be inside the ship just before the guest leaves VtSA. Rockwork of the exhibit should resemble that of the Galápagos coast line and should look as little like a backyard swimming pool as possible. If possible, kelp should be planted in the pool, or have simulated kelp near the underwater viewing. Holding for the Sea Lions, when required, will be underneath the rockwork of the Andean Condor aviary.
4. Ship Top access – The primary access to the ship top will be via a ramp or staircase in the Galápagos Islands exhibit.

Exhibit sizes
GFRS – 600 sq. ft.
Tortoise holding – 650 sq. ft.
Tortoise exhibit – 1,900 sq. ft.
Sea Lion exhibit – 6,450 sq. ft.

Map Key 1) GFRS 2) Tortoise holding 3) Tortoise exhibit 4) Sea Lion exhibit 5) Ramp/stairs to ship top 6) Ship

Rotational Habitats

1. Predator Complex – The VtSA Predator complex consists of four exhibits for four species of predators. One exhibit will be solely for the combination of Spectacled Bear and Ring-Tailed Coati while the other three can house Jaguars or Pumas. A central holding barn and holding yards will house all of the species. Yellow and orange arrows show exhibits accessible for Pumas and Jaguars, while the black arrow shows the area accessible to the Spectacled Bears and Coati.

2. Cerrado/Pantanal – As the real Cerrado and Pantanal form a continuous plain, so should the exhibits in VtSA form a single exhibit. All of the animals, with the exception for the birds, can be housed in either of the two exhibits. The reason the birds cannot be housed with all of the animals is due to the predatory nature of the Maned Wolf which will attack the birds, but not the Tapirs or Giant Anteaters. Black arrows show access for the Maned Wolves, Lowland Tapirs, Giant Anteaters, and Capybara while the red arrow shows access for the Pantanal birds. Access from the barn to the Pantanal will be through a bridge underneath the visitor pathway.

Adventure Areas
To meet the needs of children of all ages, four adventure areas have been incorporated into VtSA. These areas are meant to be fun and exciting for visitors of all levels.

1. Maze of Ischigaulasto – The maze is intended to stimulate the minds of people ages 5 and up, and anyone who has a love of dinosaurs. The narrow passages will give guests a feel that they are really climbing through the rocks of the Valley of the Moon.
2. PLAYa Pantanal – The water play area in the Pantanal is designed for use by younger children (ages 10 and lower) and their families. They will have the chance to play in the water, try and catch a water fountain, build a sand castle, and even try their hand as fishing for piranhas.
3. El Condor Pasa – This area is for older children and adults. It features a zip line that soars over the Altiplano and a rock climb that tests the guests endurance. The zip line is approximately 350 feet, or the length of a football field from goalpost to goalpost. Suggested ages are 12 and up.
4. The Ship Top – The top of the entry/exit ship will feature a playground that can stimulate guests of all ages. You can turn the ships wheel to safety, climb the rope rigging, watch for pirates from the crow's nest, and search for land through the telescopes.

Daily Training and Keeper Talk Schedule

10:00 Penguin talk and feeding (Falklands or Tierra del Fuego)
10:15 Chacoan Peccary training (Gran Chaco)
10:30 Maned Wolf training (Cerrado)
10:45 Jaguar training (Pantanal)
11:00 Piranha feeding (Pantanal)
11:15 Tank divers (Amazon)
11:30 Small Predator talk (Amazon)
11:45 Monkey Talk (Amazon)
12:00 Harpy Eagle talk (Llanos)
12:15 Jaguar Training (Llanos)
12:30 Spectacled Bear Training (Andean Cloud Forest)
12:45 Guanaco talk (Altiplano)
1:00 Sea Lion Show (Galápagos)
1:00 Penguin talk and feeding (Falklands or Tierra del Fuego)
1:15 Chacoan Peccary training (Gran Chaco)
1:30 Maned Wolf training (Cerrado)
1:45 Jaguar training (Pantanal)
2:00 Yacare Caiman feeding (Pantanal)
2:15 Tank divers (Amazon)
2:30 Small Predator talk (Amazon)
2:45 Monkey Talk (Amazon)
3:00 Harpy Eagle talk (Llanos)
3:15 Jaguar Training (Llanos)
3:30 Spectacled Bear Training (Andean Cloud Forest)
3:45 Guanaco talk (Altiplano)
4:00 Sea Lion Show (Galápagos)

This schedule allows for the visitor to follow the scheduled keeper talk and demonstrations in an orderly fashion. If followed this would mean around a 3.5 hour tour around VtSA. This amount of time is close to what some visitors spend in the entire zoo. Starting at 10:00, there is just enough time during the day to have two cycles of keeper talks. The morning versus the the afternoon talks can be differentiated. For instance, in the Pantanal have Piranha feeding in the morning and Caiman feeding in the afternoon. In the Amazon building there can be a keeper talk at any one of the small predator or monkey exhibits. The penguin feeding can be done by having the Falklands feeding in the morning and the Tierra del Fuego feeding in the afternoon. Additional keeper talks can be added throughout the day at the keepers discretion.

The Symphonic Aspect of Zoo Exhibit Design

While it is not immediately evident, both great zoo exhibits and great symphonies share much in common. A symphony is an orchestral work that follows a certain structure. Just like a symphony, a zoo exhibit is all about time. The symphony unlike many other works of art, must be performed over a period of time, where as art such as painting or sculpture can be taken in in an instant. So to a zoo exhibit must be taken in over a period of time. The difference here is that the time to view a zoo exhibit is dictated not by the conductor but by the visitor. The composer sets out the guidelines of the piece and the orchestra and conductor interpret its meaning. In a zoo exhibit, the architect is the composer and each guest is their own conductor. The guest has the ability to make the music of the zoo come alive.

In a symphony, the composer starts out with a simple basic theme and develops the work around that theme. Here in VtSA, that theme is South America itself. Every aspect of the exhibit is built on that simple theme. It is developed, embellished, and expounded upon but the theme is always present.

A symphony cannot be just a series of “wow” moments. Moments of awe must be juxtaposed against moments of quite reverence. So too has VtSA tried to accomplish this. There are several wow moments for the visitor such as the unveiling of the Amazon river tank or seeing the entire Andes exhibits for the first time, but the majority of the visitors experiences are smaller and more intimate moments. The more you bring down the tone, the more effective the bigger moments can be. If around every corner is something that takes your breath away, soon the effect will be diminished. Only by building up to your climax gradually can you have the biggest impact.

Just as any symphony must have form and structure, so to must a great exhibit. The form chosen to portray South America is called the arch form. In the arch form parallel sections from the beginning and the end of the piece mirror one another. The beginning and end are mirrors, the second and penultimate section are mirrors, and so on and so forth. The middle section is the key to the piece, like the keystone in the arch. Without the keystone the whole structure collapses.

Symphonic arch form

A
B
C
D
C'
B'(E)
A'

VtSA follows this structure, although it may not be obvious to the visitor.

A Islands (Falklands and Tierra del Fuego)
B Grasslands (Pampas, Chaco, Cerrado)
C Flooded plains (Pantanal)
D Amazon
C' Flooded Plains (Llanos)
E Mountains (Altiplano and Cloud Forest)
A' Islands (Galápagos)

By viewing the structure in this light, it is clear that the visitor both starts and ends in the islands (A and A'). The Amazon (D) is the keystone of the exhibit and indeed of South America as a whole. The flooded plains sections (C and C') parallel each other. The grasslands and the mountains (B and E) compliment each other in that they are polar opposites.

Each one of these seven sections has a different mood to it due not only to geography and landscape, but also the animals found there.. For instance the Amazon is dark and brooding place full of mystery. The Andes is full of grandeur and awe. The Galápagos is playful and exciting.

Very few zoo exhibits have ever taken this approach to exhibit design, but by concentrating on the form in which an exhibit is created it can greatly enhance the visitors over all experience.


Horticulture

Much of the flora of South America can be easily represented in this exhibit. Each eco-region has plants that make it unique. VtSA has tried to replicate each of the eco-regions with a carefully thought out plant selection and plant recreation.

Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands are a windswept desolate area, and the vegetation consists largely of bunch grasses. As this is an indoor exhibit, maintaining live grasses would be difficult, but they can be reasonably interpreted using artificial plants. These grasses should be placed in planters built into the rockwork of the exhibit and out of the way of the penguins. No trees are needed for the exhibit as few are found on the islands.

Tierra del Fuego
The flora of Tierra del Fuego will be one of the hardest landscapes to recreate accurately in the Texas climate. The forests of Tierra del Fuego are dominated with Southern Beech (Nothofagus sp.) and Pilgerodendron. As neither of these species are available they can be reasonably simulated with European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Junipers (Juniperus sp.). The forest floor is littered with ferns and herbaceous plants such as wild strawberry (Frageria chiloensis). Another feature of the forests of Tierra del Fuego are moss covered trees and rocks. The most practical solution to a moss covering is to use replica moss strategically placed out of reach of the animals. High quality silk moss is available from commercial suppliers. Various amounts of dead trees placed along the ground can serve to give the penguins shelter and give the feeling of being in an ancient forest. It is possible to create the look of the trees shaped by the strong winds of Tierra del Fuego by either creating them out of concrete or selecting appropriately shaped branches and mocking them up as dead trees.

Pampas
The Pampas is a more or less tree-less temperate plain with vegetation consisting almost completely of grasses. As it is very similar to areas of west Texas it will be relatively easy to recreate. Grass species with appropriate characteristics include Pampas Grass (Cordateria selloana), Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum), and Orchard Grass (Dactylus glomerata). Small shrubs could include the Darwin Barberry (Berberis darwinii). Any number of species of mesquite trees (Prosopis sp.) can be used. The so-called Ombu tree (Phytolacca dioica) is one of the largest plants in the pampas, but is not a true tree, instead it is the world's largest shrub. The larger prey exhibit should be relatively free of trees, while the smaller predator exhibit should have plenty of trees available for the Pumas or Jaguars to hide. Also the predator exhibit should have a large amount of dead trees for the cats to climb on.

Ischigaulasto
If planting is done in the maze, it should only be done on top of the maze's rockwork, and be similar to the plantings done in the Pampas and Chaco (preferably mesquite trees).

Gran Chaco
Much like the Big Bend area of Texas, the Gran Chaco is characterized by thorny shrubs, small trees, and cacti. A variety of cactus species such as those in the genera Opuntia, Echinocereus and Echinocactus can represent those found in the Chaco. A mixture of mesquite trees (Prosopis sp.), palm trees (Washingtonia sp. and Copernicia sp.), and trumpet trees (Tabebuia sp.) will make up the larger plants for the Chaco. Trees in the peccary exhibit should be guarded by hot grass/hot wire in order to protect them from being destroyed. The peccary exhibit should also have no ground cover to give the animals ample mud to wallow and due to their destructive nature. Various planters in the rockwork should also be present above the animals level to add more vegetation. Dead trees can be added to the peccary and cat exhibits to provide enrichment for the animals.

Cerrado
As the Cerrado is a mostly treeless plain, only grasses [Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana), Fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum), and Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata)] will make up the majority of the landscape. Many other grasses can also be used. Along the back, to serve as a natural vegetation buffer will be Palm (Washingtonia sp.) and Jacaranda (Jacaranda sp.) trees. Small mesquite trees (Prosopis sp.) can also be used. Tree use should be very limited. The main feature will be many artificial termite mounds that can provide enrichment and shade for the animals.

Pantanal
The vast wetlands of the Pantanal should bridge the gap between the plains and the rainforest. Ground cover can be kept at a minimum as sandy banks are the norm. When ground cover is used a combination of turf sod and ornamental bamboo (Chusquea sp. and Phyllostachys sp.) can be used. In and around the water features the common water plant Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia sp.) can be used as it is actually a native plant to the Pantanal. For larger plants various climate suited palm trees will be used. In the aviary dead trees can be used for bird perching. The feeling of the whole exhibit should be a mixture of swamp and forest. Various other plants can be used as needed.

Amazon
As most of the Amazon exhibit is indoors, the majority of the planting will be plants suited for indoor use. The best plan of action here is to let the horticulture department make the final decisions on what plants to use in the indoor exhibits. The only outdoor exhibit in the Amazon is the Jaguar exhibit. Large trees are a necessity here and any suitable tropical looking tree can be used here. Dead trees suitable for climbing should also be used in the Jaguar exhibit.

Llanos
The landscape of the Llanos is very similar to many regions of Texas, with the exception of palm trees. Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) is a common sight. Both Queen Palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana) and Fan Palms (Copernicia sp.) are found in the region, but suitable Texas friendly palms can be substituted. Another common tree is the Mimosa (Mimosa sp.) which is also common in Texas. On the ground, various ornamental grasses are found as well as Agave plants. Taller grasses should be planted in the Jaguar exhibit to help hide the animals. In the mixed species exhibit and the Harpy Eagle exhibit there should be ample perching opportunities for the birds and climbing opportunities for the monkeys. There should be many planters along the walls of the eagle and mixed species exhibits. Dead trees can be placed in the Jaguar exhibit for enrichment and climbing.

Tepui
No major horticulture need to be done in the Tepui as it is only a restaurant. In some of the rockwork on the upper level dining area there can be some planters for small decorative plants.

Andean Cloud Forest
Along with the Falkland Islands, a realistic recreation of the Andean Cloud Forest will be among the hardest exhibits to pull off from a horticulture stand point. Various species of Puya can be grown here, but only a few are hardy enough to survive in Texas. If possible Puya raimondi should be used and planted in planters around the exhibit. Various species of tree ferns (Dicksonia sp.) are also recommended. One of the most characteristic trees of the Andean forests is the Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana). This ancient tree is bizarrely prehistoric looking and is suited for growing in Texas. Also, the Chilean Wine Palm (Jubaea chilensis) is known from this region and grows quite well in Texas. Due to the nature of the Spectacled Bear, it is highly suggested that many dead trees be used in this exhibit for climbing purposes. Various species of bromeliads are also recommended and can be placed in planters around the exhibit.

Altiplano
The Altiplano is a largely treeless plain. As such, larger plants should be kept to a minimum. Various ornamental grasses should be used throughout the exhibit, particularly as a ground cover in the Guanaco exhibit. Where possible large cacti (Pachycereus sp. or similar looking cacti) should be used. Around the flamingo pond, various tall reeds (Phragmites sp.) should be used. These reeds can also hide any unsightly barriers. In the three aviaries, rockwork and large cacti (either real or simulated) should be sufficient to provide bird perching.

Galápagos Islands
The planting for the Galápagos Islands exhibit will be rather simple compared to some of the other exhibits. Due to the destructive nature of the tortoises, the main substrate in the tortoise exhibit is best suited by hardy turd sod. In planters around the tortoise exhibit will be cactus (Opuntia sp.), Passion Flower (Passiflora sp.), and bunch grass (Festuca sp.). Similar planters will be found around the Sea Lion exhibit. No major planting, other than these planters, will be done in the rocky Sea Lion exhibit. Underwater in the Sea Lion exhibit should be either real Kelp or artificial Kelp.

Complete Species List for Voyage to South America

Falkland Islands

• Gentoo Penguin
• Rockhopper Penguin
• King Penguin

Tierra del Fuego

• Magellanic Penguin
• Macaroni Penguin
• Chilöe Widgeon

Pampas

• Greater Rhea
• Black-Necked Swan
• Nutria
• Patagonia Cavy
• Puma

Gran Chaco

• Chacoan Peccary*
• Armadillo
• Geoffroy's Cat
• Red-legged Seriema

Cerrado

• Giant Anteater*
• Maned Wolf*

Pantanal

• Lowland Tapir
• Capybara
• Magauri Stork
• Rosybill
• White-Faced Whistling Duck
• Fulvous Whistling Duck
• Ringed Teal
• Crested Screamer
• Black Howler Monkey
• Red Brocket Deer
• Sunbittern
• Wattled Jacana
• Toco Toucan*
• Green Anaconda
• Neon Tetra
• Discus Fish
• Red-bellied Piranha
• Hyacinth Macaw
• Roseate Spoonbill
• Boat-billed Heron
• Yacare Caiman
• Broad-snouted Caiman

Amazon

• Arapaima
• Pacu
• Red-tailed Catfish
• Arrowana
• Freshwater Stingray
• Black Caiman
• Caiman Lizard
• Dwarf Caiman
• Ocelot*
• Jaguarundi
• Tayra
• Bush Dog
• Margay
• Golden Lion Tamarin*
• Cotton-top Tamarin*
• Pygmy Marmoset
• Goeldi's Monkey*
• Geoffroy's Marmoset*
• Two-toed Sloth
• Gray Titi Monkey
• White-faced Saki Monkey
• Black-handed Spider Monkey*
• Squirrel Monkey
• Collared Peccary
• Ornate Hawk Eagle

Llanos

• Jaguar*
• Harpy Eagle
• White-tailed Deer
• King Vulture
• Scarlet Ibis
• Hyacinth Macaw
• Capuchin Monkey

Andean Cloud Forest

• Spectacled Bear*
• Ring-tailed Coati
• Southern Pudu

Altiplano

• Guanaco
• Andean Condor*
• Black Vulture
• Crested Caracara
• Viscacha
• Chilean Flamingo
• Coscoroba Swan
• Speckled Teal

Galápagos Islands

• Galápagos Tortoise
• California Sea Lion

* - SSP Animal

 

And you all thought I was a stick in the mud.

 

Sorry about the maps being at the end of the post. I wasn't able to embed them into the main body. One of these days I'll figure out how to do that.

 

jbnsn99- Holy cow! That was great! I would love to see that in one of the zoos here in America, as there doesn't seem to be many excellent South American exhibits around. Soon, I'll be posting an edited version of an exhibit I submitted to the thread "Create an Exhibit".

 

Thank you very much. It took 15 months of design an research into South America, collection plans, exhibit design, etc.

 

Best design ever to appear on zoochat,and probably the first that should actually be built by a zoo!!!!

 

At the time I finished this (last year) there were no Chacoan Maras to speak of. Were I to do it again, I would try and expand out of the 5 acre footprint, move the Guanacos to the Pampas, and try for Vicunas in the Altiplano.

Glad you like it. Shall we start a campaign to get it built somewhere?

 

Are there Chacoan mara in the US?

 

Not that I'm aware of. They just made their first appearance in Europe though.

 

Jbnbsn99, you sir have created what I, and, undoubtedly, many others here on the forum believe to be the greatest exhibit design to ever be posted on a ZooChat thread. The amount of work you have put into this project is absolutely flabbergasting (I've never before used that word ). This is truly an exhibit design worthy to be brought to life by the world's best. I commend you on this incredible and unbelievable work of art. These words do not come close to expressing how awestruck I am by this exhibit design.

I was particularly inspired by your amazing attention to detail, and your comparison of the creation of a zoo exhibit to a symphony. All of the research you did to make sure all of the exhibits' flora and fauna realistically replicated their real-life counterparts, paired with the use of an alternate plan in case of a possible real-world situation (such as certain species of plants not being able to tolerate the zoo's climate), made this design even more spectacular. And I, of course, like many others, have never thought of designing an exhibit in the way that you did, like the symphonic arch you mentioned. I can't explain how inspired I was and still am by this creation, and I am speechless at the amount of hard work and research you put into this.

I have nothing really to nitpick about (Chlidonias ); I don't even think I can remember the few problems I had with the plans - there was so much to read! I just finished reading this now, matter of fact! Thank you for allowing us to see this. I'm honored that I was able to read this incredible design. I can't possibly imagine what the rest of this zoo will be like.

-AnaheimZoo​

 

Why thank you good sir.

 

If you were to do an exhibit like that for each of the continents, you'd probably create the worlds best zoo. Amazing work!

 

You know, it's surprising how some of the world's areas have been over looked in the zoo world. Areas like Mexico, India, Central Asia, and even to a large extent Europe have been totally neglected by zoos, even though animals from these regions are readily available.

 

By Central Asia do you mean the Himalayas, Mongolia (Gobi Desert), and similar habitats?

 

Central Asia usually refers to the Steppe region.

 

Camels and Przewalski's horses are about all you usually see.

 

There are of course other you could easily use. Saiga (if available), Goitered Gazelle, Bactrian Deer, Amur Tiger, etc.

 

I've always wanted to see a Saiga.