The Zoochat Photographic Guide to Old World Primates

Macaca
About twenty-three species, twenty-one of which are represented in the Zoochat galleries.


This is the only genus in the subfamily Cercopithecinae which is found in Asia (all others are African in distribution). The one species in this genus which is not from Asia is the Barbary Macaque Macaca sylvanus which is found in northern Africa and southern Europe.

Because the genus is quite large and almost fully-represented by Zoochat photos (21 out of 23 species), I have divided it over several posts corresponding to their taxonomic divisions. These divisions are not fully agreed upon by taxonomists of course, but see Phylogeny of the macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca) based on Alu elements for a discussion on the different opinions.


Post one: the sylvanus group (one species - sylvanus).

Post two: the nemestrina group [or silenus group, depending on authors' preferences] (eleven species - silenus; leonina, nemestrina, pagensis, siberu; hecki, maura, nigra, nigrescens, ochreata, tonkeana).

Post three: the fascicularis group (one species - fascicularis) and the mulatta group (three species - cyclopis, fuscata, mulatta). These two groups may be combined as the fascicularis group.

Post four: the sinica group (seven species - arctoides, assamensis, leucogenys, munzala, radiata, sinica, thibetana). The first-named species may be included instead in the fascicularis group due to its presumed hybrid origin.

 

Macaca - "sylvanus group"
This group is composed of the sole non-Asian species in the genus.



Barbary Macaque Macaca sylvanus
Monotypic.


Formerly found across North Africa and southern Europe (before historical times), now restricted to scattered mountain locations in Morocco and Algeria, with an introduced population on the Rock of Gibraltar at the tip of the Iberian Peninsula (probably dating from the Middle Ages).


Photo by @SilkySifaka at the Trentham Monkey Forest, UK.


Taking a seat | ZooChat


Photo of a baby by @NigeW at the Trentham Monkey Forest, UK.


Barbary Macaque at Trentham Monkey Forest 5/9/15 | ZooChat

 

Macaca - "nemestrina group" (or "silenus group")
Of the eleven species in this group, the four pig-tailed species have formerly been combined as a single species, and the six Sulawesi macaques have formerly been combined as a single species. I've divided this post into three sections to reflect this (so it covers firstly the distinctive Lion-tailed Macaque, then the pig-tailed macaque species, and last the Sulawesi macaque species).



Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus
Monotypic.


Endemic to Western Ghats of southwest India.


Photo by @alexkant at Hai Park, Israel.


Lion-tailed macaque / Macaca silenus | ZooChat


Photo by @taun at Chester Zoo, UK, showing the tail well (the species' common name comes from the supposed "lion-like" tuft on the end of the tail, but really the lion-like mane is far more obvious a feature!).


Chester Zoo - Lion-tailed Macaque | ZooChat


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Pig-tailed macaques

Currently four species are recognised, although at times all have been considered to belong to a single species, Macaca nemestrina.



Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina
Monotypic. Formerly treated as a subspecies of M. nemestrina.


Found across mainland southeast Asia, from Bangladesh and southern China to Indochina and the Thai peninsula.


Photo by @Himimomi at Guangzhou Zoo, China.


Northern pig-tailed macaque - ZooChat


Southern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina
Monotypic. The Northern Pig-tailed Macaque M. leonina was formerly treated as a subspecies.


Found on the southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, on Sumatra and Bangka Island, and on Borneo.


Photo by @Maguari at Burgers' Zoo, Netherlands.


Southern Pig-tailed Macaque at Burgers Zoo Arnhem, 30/05/12 - ZooChat


Pagai Island Macaque Macaca pagensis
Monotypic. The Siberut Macaque M. siberu was formerly treated as a subspecies.


Endemic to Sipora, North Pagai and South Pagai, in Indonesia's Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra.


Photo by @devilfish at Taman Safari Bogor, Indonesia.


Pagai macaque, June 2016 | ZooChat


Siberut Macaque Macaca siberu
Monotypic. Formerly (and still by some authors) this was treated as a subspecies of M. pagensis.


Endemic to Siberut, in Indonesia's Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra.


Photo by @Giant Eland at Taman Safari Bogor, Indonesia.


Siberut macaque (Macaca siberu) | ZooChat


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Sulawesi macaques

Originally all the Sulawesi macaques (i.e. hecki, maura, nigra, nigrescens, ochreata, tonkeana) were treated as subspecies of a single species, M. nigra, although most of them are quite distinctive in comparison to one another. The norm today is for all to be considered full species.



Heck's Macaque Macaca hecki
Monotypic.


Endemic to the western end of Sulawesi's northern peninsula.


Photo by @devilfish at the Schmutzer Primate Centre, Indonesia.


Heck's macaque, Schmutzer primate centre, June 2016 | ZooChat


Photo by @gentle lemur at Howletts Wild Animal Park, UK.


Hecks macaque | ZooChat


Moor Macaque Macaca maura
Monotypic.


Endemic to the southwestern peninsula of Sulawesi.


Photo by @Giant Eland at Tierpark Gotha, Germany.


moor macaque (Macaca maura) | ZooChat


Photo by @sooty mangabey at Amerika-Tierpark Limbach-Oberfrohna, Germany.


Moor Macaque at Amerika-Tierpark Limbach-Oberfrohna (2013) | ZooChat


Black Crested Macaque Macaca nigra
Monotypic.


Endemic to the northern end of Sulawesi's northern peninsula.


Photo by @alexkant at the Ben Shemen Forest Monkey Park, Israel.


Sulawesi crested macaque/ Macaca nigra | ZooChat


Photo by @Benosaurus at Dudley Zoo, UK.


Sulawesi Crested Macaque | ZooChat


Gorontalo Macaque Macaca nigrescens
Monotypic.


Endemic to the central portion of Sulawesi's northern peninsula.


Photo by @devilfish at Ragunan Zoo, Indonesia.


Gorontalo Macaque, June 2016 | ZooChat


Booted Macaque Macaca ochreata
Two subspecies: brunnescens and ochreata.


Endemic to the southeastern peninsula of Sulawesi (ochreata) and offshore Muna and Buton Islands (brunnescens). The latter is sometimes treated as a full species.


Photo by @Giant Eland at Catoctin Wildlife Preserve and Zoo, USA (probably the subspecies ochreata).


booted or gray-armed macaque (Macaca ochreata) | ZooChat


Tonkean Macaque Macaca tonkeana
Monotypic.


Found in central and northeastern Sulawesi, and also on the Togean Islands offshore.


Photo by @Maguari at Mulhouse Zoo, France.


Tonkean Macaque at Mulhouse 29/08/09 | ZooChat


Photo by @GregOz at the Schmutzer Primate Centre, Indonesia.


Tonkean Macaque - Macaca tonkeana - Ragunan Zoo 2012 | ZooChat

 

Macaca - "fascicularis group"
One species.



Crab-eating or Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis
Ten subspecies: atriceps, aureus, condorensis, fascicularis, fuscus, karimondjawae, lasiae, philippensis, tua, umbrosus. Almost all of these are restricted to individual small islands or island groups, and very few are represented in the Zoochat galleries.

There is a map showing the distribution of the ten subspecies in this paper: Figure 1: Geographical distribution of long-tailed macaques ( Macaca...


Found throughout the mainland and archipelago of southeast Asia: atriceps from Koh Kram Island off Chonburi in Thailand; aureus found down the coastal regions of Burma, including the western side of the Thai Peninsula, and in the Mergui Archipelago; condorensis from Con Song (in the Con Dao Islands) off south Vietnam; fascicularis is found over most of the range, from Thailand and southern Indochina southwards down the Thai-Malay Peninsula and throughout the Greater Sundas, as well as some of the southern Philippines islands, and also widely introduced through the Lesser Sundas as far as Timor as well as onto islands in various other parts of the world (e.g. the Indian Ocean); fuscus from Simeulue Island off the west coast of Sumatra; karimondjawae from Kemujan Island off the coast of Java; lasiae from Lasia Island off the west coast of Sumatra; philippensis is found throughout the Philippines; tua from Maratua Island off the east coast of Kalimantan (Borneo); and umbrosus is from the Nicobar Islands north of Sumatra.


Photo by @Hix in the wild, Brunei (main subspecies fascicularis).


Crab-eating Macaque | ZooChat


Photo by @devilfish at Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center, Philippines (Philippines subspecies philippensis).


Philippine long-tailed macaque, July 2016 | ZooChat


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Macaca - "mulatta group"
Three species.



Taiwanese or Formosan Macaque Macaca cyclopis
Monotypic.


Endemic to Taiwan. Has also been introduced to parts of Japan.


Photo by @Giant Eland at Taipei Zoo, Taiwan.


Formosan rock macaque (Macaca cyclopis) | ZooChat


Japanese Macaque Macaca fuscata
Two subspecies: fuscata and yakui.


Endemic to Japan. Found throughout most of the country except the northernmost island (Hokkaido). The subspecies yakui is from the island of Yakushima in the south of Japan.


Photo by @Goura at Ueno Zoo, Japan (subspecies fuscata).


Japanese macaques | ZooChat


Photo by @devilfish at the Japan Monkey Centre, Japan (subspecies yakui).


Yakushima macaques, October 2017 | ZooChat


Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta
As many as ten subspecies have been used, most of which are from China, but many of these are probably invalid/synonymous: brevicauda, lasiota, littoralis, mcmahoni, mulatta, sanctijohannis, siamica, tcheliensis, vestita, villosa. The IUCN currently goes in completely the opposite direction and treats Macaca mulatta as monotypic.


Found across southern Asia from eastern Afghanistan and Pakistan across northern India and southern China, south to northern Indochina: brevicauda on Hainan and the Wanshan Islands of China; lasiota in central (or western) China; littoralis in south China; mcmahoni from Pakistan; mulatta from the northern Indian subcontinent (to as far east as southern China according to some treatments); sanctijohannis in eastern (or southern) China; siamica in Indochina; tcheliensis in north-central China; vestita in western China; and villosa in Kashmir (northwest India). The distributions given for some of these are pretty broad - or even contradictory - because there is much disagreement over what is and isn't valid. The species has also been introduced elsewhere, including to Hong Kong, USA, and Puerto Rico.


No photos in the Zoochat galleries are labelled to subspecies so I have only used photos of wild animals below, as otherwise it would just be guesses based on where a (Chinese) zoo was located.


Photo by @J I N X in the wild, Pakistan (subspecies mcmahoni, usually synonymised with mulatta).


Rhesus macaque - Nathia Gali 10/7/2018 | ZooChat


Photo by @Chlidonias in the wild, India (main Indian subspecies mulatta [this particular individual being from Assam]).


rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | ZooChat


Photo by @LaughingDove of a wild animal in the grounds of Hlawga Park, Burma (subspecies siamica).


Rhesus Monkeys (I think) | ZooChat


Photo by @Chlidonias in the wild, India (subspecies villosa).


Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) | ZooChat

 

Macaca - "sinica group"
Seven or eight species.



Stump-tailed or Bear Macaque Macaca arctoides
Monotypic.

The species has been separated into two subspecies in the past (arctoides and melanota) based primarily on colour, but studies of wild populations have shown that individual populations are variable in colour, and the subspecies cannot be assigned in this way (e.g. https://www.researchgate.net/public...a_arctoides_and_Its_Evolutionary_Implications). The photos used below illustrate the variability in colour.

This species is believed to be of hybrid origin, dating from the early Pleistocene, between proto-fascicularis and proto-assamensis/thibetanus. See, for example, Phylogeny of the macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca) based on Alu elements


Widely distributed from northeast India across southern China, through Indochina and down the Thai-Malay Peninsula.


Photo by @Chlidonias in the wild, India.


Stump-tailed Macaque (Macaca arctoides) | ZooChat


Photo by @Maguari at Berlin Zoo, Germany.


Stump-tailed Macaque at Berlin Zoo, 31/08/11 | ZooChat


Assam Macaque Macaca assamensis
Two subspecies: assamensis and pelops.


Widely distributed from northern Indochina through southern China to northeast India (assamensis), and then in northeast India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal (pelops).


Both photos below by @Chlidonias in the wild, Thailand (subspecies assamensis).


Assamese Macaque (Macaca assamensis) - ZooChat


Assamese Macaque (Macaca assamensis) - ZooChat


White-cheeked Macaque Macaca leucogenys
Monotypic.


Found only in southeastern Tibet and in Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India). Only described in 2015.


There are no photos representing this species in the Zoochat galleries.


Arunachal Macaque Macaca munzala
Monotypic.


Found only in Arunachal Pradesh (northeastern India).Only described in 2005. Some authorities have been of the opinion that this species is most likely just a montane form of the Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis - contrasting with that is that the genetics apparently show it to be more closely related to the Bonnet Macaque M. radiata of southern India.

In 2022 another new species was described from Arunachal Pradesh (in northeast India), the Sela Macaque M. selai, which is supposed to be genetically distinct from M. munzala despite being found in close proximity (separated only by a mountain pass). I have placed this here rather than as a separate entry because it doesn't seem convincing as being a valid species.
The Sela macaque (Macaca selai) is a distinct phylogenetic species that evolved from the Arunachal macaque following allopatric speciation - ScienceDirect


There are no photos representing this species in the Zoochat galleries.


Bonnet Macaque Macaca radiata
Two subspecies: diluta and radiata.

Formerly treated as a subspecies of the Toque Macaque Macaca sinica. Despite the two subspecies apparently being separable by colouration, with diluta being "pale-bellied" and radiata being "dark-bellied", the photos below were taken in the wild within the ranges of each subspecies, and I have not noticed any individual being "dark-bellied".


Endemic to southern India, with diluta in the south (Tamil Nadu and Kerala), and radiata in the rest of the range.


Photo by @Chlidonias in the wild, India (subspecies diluta).


Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) | ZooChat


Photo by @Chlidonias in the wild, India (subspecies radiata).


Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) | ZooChat


Toque Macaque Macaca sinica
Three subspecies: aurifrons, opisthomelas, sinica.

The Bonnet Macaque Macaca radiata was formerly also included as a subspecies of M. sinica.

The three subspecies can be easily differentiated by colouration, length of fur, and the shape of the crown-hair. The highland race opisthomelas is particularly distinctive with its thick fur and long head-hair, but unfortunately there are no photos of this one in the galleries. Comparison photos of all three subspecies can be seen on the following pdf (scroll down to page 12): http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.642.4586&rep=rep1&type=pdf


Endemic to Sri Lanka, with aurifrons in the Wet Zone rainforests, opisthomelas in the montane regions, and sinica in the Dry Zone.


Photo by @zooboyabroad in the wild, Sri Lanka (Wet Zone subspecies aurifrons).


Macaque eating sugar | ZooChat


Photo by @Chlidonias in the wild, Sri Lanka (Dry Zone subspecies sinica).


Toque Macaques (Macaca sinica) | ZooChat


Tibetan Macaque Macaca thibetana
Four subspecies have been named: esau, guiahouensis, huangshanensis, thibetana. The IUCN currently treats the species as monotypic. Chinese taxonomists appear to use pullus instead of esau, and use the spelling guizhouensis instead of guiahouensis, but I don't know the basis of these changes.


Found across southern China to Tibet: esau in southeast China; guiahouensis in south-central China; huangshanensis in the Huangshan Mountains in eastern China; and thibetana in west-central China and Tibet.


There are quite a few photos of Tibetan Macaques in the Zoochat galleries of the Chinese zoos but (almost) none are identified to subspecies.


Photo by @YuanChang at the Huangshan Wildlife Rescue Centre, China (subspecies huangshanensis).


Huangshan stump-tailed macaque (Macaca thibetana huangshanensis) | ZooChat


Photo by @Chlidonias in the wild, China (subspecies thibetana).


Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) | ZooChat

 

Both of these are species for which we lost photographs during the Great Purge, I believe

 

Yeah, I wasn't entirely sure on the Siberut Macaque but I was pretty sure that Moor Macaques had been represented. I was actually surprised when I couldn't find any photos, especially as they are still kept in Europe according to Zootierliste.

 

I've managed to find this low-quality image of the extremely elderly Moor Macaques which were held at Zoo Berlin until 2009....



Another image of the same individuals can be found on the site run by @alexkant - I'm reasonably sure this one was in the gallery prior to the Purge, incidentally:

 

Rhesus Macaques are surprisingly variable in colouration. There's another photo below of a wild golden one in Hong Kong by @aardvark250

I don't have any definite Chinese subspecies in the species' post because the Hong Kong animals are the result of introductions from mainland China and are likely to be subspecific hybrids.

 

I can't use that first photo - it looks like a photo of a ghost was put through a blender and then vaseline was smeared across the result...

What is it labelled in the gallery as? I couldn't get any results.

 

I suspect the Zoochatters still active on the site who are most likely to have photographs of the species - one of whom may well have been the source of the photograph I saw prior to the Purge - would be @gentle lemur , @Tim May or @Pertinax .

It's labelled "ID Please", unhelpfully I found it by searching for the word "Macaque" in the Zoo Berlin gallery.

ID Please | ZooChat

 

Cercocebus
Six species, all of which are represented in the Zoochat galleries.


This genus also formerly included the Crested Mangabeys, now separated into the genus Lophocebus. The six currently-recognised species were originally lumped as two: the Collared Mangabey Cercocebus torquatus (now two species) and the Crested Mangabey Cercocebus galeritus (now four species).


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Sooty Mangabey Cercocebus atys
Two subspecies: atys and lunulatus.

Formerly treated as a subspecies of the Collared Mangabey C. torquatus.


Found in west Africa, with atys from Senegal to Ivory Coast and lunulatus in Ghana and the adjoining corner of northeast Ivory Coast and southwest Burkina Faso.


Photo by @Tomek at Zamosc Zoo, Poland (subspecies atys).


Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys) at Zamosc Zoo | ZooChat


Photo by @KevinVar at Rotterdam Zoo, Netherlands (subspecies lunulatus, known as the White-crowned, White-naped, or White-collared Mangabey).


White-naped mangabey family | ZooChat


Photo by @Tomek at London Zoo, UK (subspecies lunulatus).


White-naped Mangabey (Cercocebus atys lunulatus) | ZooChat


Collared or Red-capped or Cherry-crowned Mangabey Cercocebus torquatus
Monotypic. Formerly included the Sooty Mangabey C. atys as a subspecies.


Found in coastal forests of west Africa, from Nigeria south to the Congo Republic.


Photo by @geomorph at Brookfield Zoo, USA.


Tropic World - Africa - Red-capped Mangabey | ZooChat


Photo by @Nisha at Colchester Zoo, UK.


Cherry Crowned Mangabey | ZooChat


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Agile Mangabey Cercocebus agilis
Monotypic. The Golden-bellied Mangabey C. chrysogaster was formerly treated as a subspecies.


Found in central Africa in the Congo Basin from Cameroon and Gabon east across the DRC and CAR.


Photo by @Maguari at Dierenpark Wissel, Netherlands.


Agile Mangabey at Wissel Zoo, Epe, 01/06/12 | ZooChat


Golden-bellied Mangabey Cercocebus chrysogaster
Monotypic. Formerly treated as a subspecies of the Agile Mangabey C. agilis (which was itself formerly treated as a subspecies of C. galeritus).


Found in the western DRC south of the Congo River.


Photo by @Michal Sloviak at Budapest Zoo, Hungary.


Golden-bellied Mangabey (Cercocebus chrysogaster) | ZooChat


Tana River Mangabey Cercocebus galeritus
Monotypic. Formerly C. galeritus was called the Crested Mangabey and included most of the other species as subspecies (agilis, chrysogaster, sanjei).


Found only along the lower Tana River in southeastern Kenya.


Photo by @ThylacineAlive in the wild, Kenya.


https://www.zoochat.com/community/media/tana-river-mangabey.675422/#media


Sanje Mangabey Cercocebus sanjei
Monotypic. Formerly treated as a subspecies of C. galeritus.


Endemic to the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania.


Photo by @lintworm in the wild, Tanzania.


Sanje mangabey | ZooChat

 

Mandrillus
Two species, both of which are represented in the Zoochat galleries.

Both species have, in the past, been included within the baboon genus Papio, although they are now known to be much more closely related to Cercocebus mangabeys.



Drill Mandrillus leucophaeus
Two subspecies - leucophaeus and poensis - although many authorities treat the species as being monotypic.


Found in west Africa, only in southeast Nigeria and northwest Cameroon (leucophaeus) and on Bioko Island (poensis). Zoo animals are probably all derived from mainland leucophaeus.


Photo by @Tim May at Zoo Wuppertal, Germany (male).


Male drill; Wuppertal; 12th September 2014 | ZooChat


Photo by @Goura at Edinburgh Zoo, UK (female).


Female drill | ZooChat


Photo by @Miss Gulch at Detroit Zoo, USA (showing body-form).


Detroit Zoo - Drill - July, 2016 | ZooChat


Mandrill Mandrillus sphinx
Monotypic.


Found in west-central Africa (south of the range of M. leucophaeus), from Cameroon south to the Congo Republic.


Photo by @Himimomi at Nanning Zoo, China (male).


Mandrill | ZooChat


Photo by @4ways NAP at Colchester Zoo, UK (female).


Female Mandril | ZooChat


Photo by @YuanChang at Nanchang Zoo, China (showing body-form).


Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) | ZooChat

 

Lophocebus
Six species, only two of which are represented in the Zoochat galleries.

Formerly included within the genus Cercocebus. All six species currently recognised were generally lumped as a single species (albigena) until the 2000s. See this paper by Colin Groves which covers the splitting and which also includes a comparative painting by Stephen Nash of four species: http://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/18197777/1337026105193/PC22.ugandae.V2.pdf?token=SNpLKKeVAKAVtqJNkgTIuiLBPQA=



Grey-cheeked Mangabey Lophocebus albigena
Monotypic. Two of the following three species (johnstoni and osmandi) were formerly included as subspecies, while the third (ugandae) was also included but not considered distinct enough to even be a subspecies. See the earlier-linked paper by Groves for a comparative illustration of all four species.

Potentially captive animals could include more than one of the "albigena" species, as there seems quite some variability in appearance, as shown by the following two photos.


Found in west Africa, in Cameroon and Gabon (formerly more widespread, as far east as Uganda, before several subspecies were split off).


Photo by @Giant Eland at the Smithsonian National Zoo, USA.


2013: Smithsonian National Zoo | ZooChat


Photo by @Deer Forest2 at Qinhuangdao Wildlife Zoo, China.


Grey-cheeked crested mangabey (Lophocebus albigena) | ZooChat


Black Crested Mangabey Lophocebus aterrimus
Monotypic. Opdenbosch's Mangabey Lophocebus opdenboschi was formerly included as a subspecies.


Found in central Africa, in northern Angola and the DRC.


Photo by @baboon at Nanning Zoo, China.


Black-crested mangabey | ZooChat


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The remaining species in this genus are not represented in the Zoochat galleries:


Johnston's Mangabey Lophocebus johnstoni
Monotypic. Formerly treated as a subspecies of Grey-cheeked Mangabey Lophocebus albigena.

Found in the DRC east to Rwanda and Burundi.


Opdenbosch's Mangabey Lophocebus opdenboschi
Monotypic. Also may be treated as a subspecies of the Black Crested Mangabey Lophocebus aterrimus (e.g. as the IUCN still does).

Known from only a few localities along the Kwilu and Kwango Rivers in southwest DRC.


Osman Hill's Mangabey Lophocebus osmani
Monotypic. Formerly treated as a subspecies of Grey-cheeked Mangabey Lophocebus albigena.

Found in mostly-highland regions of Cameroon and neighbouring areas of Nigeria.


Uganda Mangabey Lophocebus ugandae
Monotypic. Formerly included within the Grey-cheeked Mangabey Lophocebus albigena, although until its description as a species the Ugandan population wasn't even recognised as distinct enough for subspecific status.

Endemic to Uganda.

 

Rungwecebus
One species.



Kipunji Rungwecebus kipunji
Monotypic.


Endemic to highland forests in central Tanzania. Only discovered in 2003 (as a genuine discovery, not a split from a known species), and described in 2005. I think @lintworm is probably the only Zoochatter to have ever seen one.


There are no photos representing this species in the Zoochat galleries.

 

Papio
Five or six species, all of which are represented in the Zoochat galleries.


There have been various treatments in the past of species and subspecies in this genus, and it has even included Mandrillus and Theropithecus at times. At its most extreme lumping stage, all the "true" Papio baboons (i.e. those listed below) have been treated as subspecies of a single species.



Olive Baboon Papio anubis
Monotypic.


Found right across north-central Africa, from Mali in the west to Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and the DRC in the east and south.


Photo by @Hix in the wild, Uganda.


Olive Baboon | ZooChat


Yellow Baboon Papio cynocephalus
Three subspecies: cynocephalus, ibeanus, kindae. Other forms have been named but are now not generally used. The subspecies kindae may be treated as a full species.


Found from coast to coast in south-central Africa and up the east coast to Somalia and southeast Ethiopia (overlapping with the range of P. ursinus to the south and P. anubis to the north): cynocephalus is in the southeast (eastern Zambia, Malawi, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania); ibeanus in the northeast (Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia); and kindae in the west (northern Angola, southern DRC, and western Zambia).


Photo by @lintworm in the wild, Tanzania (subspecies cynocephalus).


Yellow baboon | ZooChat


Photo by @Giant Eland in the wild, Zambia (subspecies kindae).


Kinda baboon (Papio kindae) - ZooChat


Hamadryas Baboon Papio hamadryas
Monotypic.


Found on either side of the southern Red Sea, in the southern corner of the Arabian Peninsula (mainly in Yemen) and on the Horn of Africa (mainly in Ethiopia, but also in Eritrea, Djibouti and northwest Somalia).


Photo by @Javan Rhino at Paignton Zoo, UK (male and female).


Hamadryas baboons | ZooChat


Guinea Baboon Papio papio
Monotypic.


Found in a limited area of west Africa from southern Mauritania and southwest Mali south to Guinea and Sierra Leone.


Photo by @Tomek at Port Lympne Wild Animal Park, UK.


Guinea Baboon (Papio papio) | ZooChat


Chacma Baboon Papio ursinus
Two subspecies: griseipes and ursinus.


Found in southern Africa, with griseipes in the southern and western parts of the range (mainly within South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia to southern Angola) and ursinus in the northeastern part to Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, and southern Zambia.


Photo by @Maguari in the wild, Botswana (subspecies griseipes).


Chacma Baboon, Khwai Community Area, Botswana, 26/04/16 | ZooChat


Photo by @GerbenElzinga in the wild, South Africa (subspecies ursinus).


Chacma Baboons | ZooChat

 

Theropithecus
One species.

On occasion has been included within the baboon genus Papio, although they are now known to not be closely related.



Gelada Theropithecus gelada
Three subspecies: gelada, obscurus, and a third which is undescribed.


Endemic to the mountain grasslands of Ethiopia, with gelada in the north of the range (on the Simien Massif) and obscurus in the south. The undescribed subspecies, termed the Arsi Gelada, is restricted to eastern Arsi (east of the Rift Valley) where it occurs at lower altitudes than the other populations.


Photo by @LaughingDove in the wild, Ethiopia (subspecies gelada).


Gelada | ZooChat


Photo by @lintworm in the wild, Ethiopia (male of subspecies obscurus).


Gelada | ZooChat


Photo by @Maguari in the wild, Ethiopia (female of subspecies obscurus).


Geladas at Debre Libanos Gorge, Ethiopia, 18/10/14 | ZooChat

 

That is all the Cercopithecinae finished, which means that the entirety of the family Cercopithecidae has now been completed.

The next part of this thread will cover all the apes, with the families Hylobatidae (gibbons) and Hominidae (great apes and humans).